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Sleep disturbance and suicidal behaviors in psychiatric illness
Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis are known to be at high risk of suicidal behaviour, however clinicians face a challenge in identifying those at highest risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis...
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Dose-response effect of smoking in rheumatoid arthritis
Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and previous research has shown that ever-smokers have a 40 percent higher risk of RA than never-smokers....
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Is therapeutic hypothermia beneficial after traumatic brain injury?
Therapeutic hypothermia is a potential treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous laboratory research suggested it has therapeutic benefit, however subsequent clinical studies and systematic...
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Healthy lifestyle programme reduces childhood obesity
The rising prevalence of obesity is a growing concern worldwide and has important negative health consequences. Preventing obesity at a young age is vital in tackling this problem as obesity in...
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Can EPO prevent AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cardiac surgery and the recent literature suggests erythropoietin (EPO) may play a protective role against it. This is supported by several...
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Breast cancer screening: risks vs benefits
Mass screening for breast cancer using mammography is carried out with the aim of reducing the number of deaths due to breast cancer. Previous research has shown it to be effective at this, however...
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Risk of death after percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy
The number of critically ill patients undergoing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has increased in recent years. The procedure is not without risk and can be associated with major...
View ArticleJosé García-Arrarás and Vladimir Mashanov on echinoderm clues to neural...
Over a million marine species are estimated to inhabit the planet’s oceans, according to the Census of Marine Life. Included in this vast reserve of biodiversity are the echinoderms, with sea urchins,...
View ArticleGreg Gibson on predicting cardiovascular death through telling transcripts
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, according to a report from the World Health Organization, and moreover around 80 percent of premature heart attacks are considered...
View ArticleGenome-wide effects of palm oil on the pancreas: implications for diabetes?
Free fatty acids in plasma are known to be elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and also associated with insulin resistance and pancreatic beta (β) cell dysfunction, which results in...
View ArticleBarcoding lines: Matthew Porteus on how clonal cell lines really are
One of the most well known and widely used cell lines originated from the eponymous Henrietta Lacks. However HeLa cells are just one of a multitude of cell lines that have since been generated and...
View ArticleMihai Pop on changing gut microbiota in childhood diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide in those under five, according to the World Health Organization. Whilst prevention through safe drinking water and sufficient...
View ArticleRemodeling the predictive power of Alzheimer’s biomarkers for diagnosis
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however there is currently no cure. Drugs are available to slow down disease progression, proving most effective at the early stages of AD,...
View ArticleJeffrey Cummings on problems with the Alzheimer’s drug development pipeline
In the race for new therapeutic drugs, many contenders fall to the wayside as they shuttle through the clinical trials pipeline. Rigorous testing often sees increasing failure rates as drugs pass from...
View ArticleMartin Widschwendter on epigenetic predictions for non-hereditary breast cancer
Hereditary breast cancer accounts for a small proportion of total breast cancer cases – with estimates varying up to ten percent – however this minority of cases can provide clues to the far more...
View ArticleMark Hall and Jennifer Muszynski on investigating septic shock in children
When a serious infection sets in, systemic inflammation can be triggered and result in the potentially fatal condition of sepsis. Although treatment with large amounts of intravenous fluids and...
View ArticleRod Dillon and Mauricio Sant’Anna on Leishmania and sand fly gut microbiota
Over 300 million people worldwide are at risk of contracting leishmaniasis according to the World Health Organization. The protozoan responsible for this disease, Leishmania, is spread through infected...
View ArticleCharlotte Watts and Lori Michau on preventing intimate partner violence
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global issue that is estimated to affect around 30 percent of women during their lifetime. In sub-Saharan Africa this problem is compounded by the risk of...
View ArticleIt’s all in the eyes: Heather Nuske on tracking emotional processing in autism
Reading and understanding emotion is a skill most people begin to develop during infancy, such that by adulthood they are better equipped to deal with social interactions. However individuals with...
View ArticleGerald Chanques on how to assess pain in critically ill patients
Pain management is key to ensuring optimal recovery from illness or injury, however accurately assessing pain levels in non-communicative patients is a major challenge. Several tools are currently used...
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